也許你已經(jīng)玩了很多年的無(wú)人機(jī)了，也許你擁有的無(wú)人機(jī)也已經(jīng)可以裝滿一個(gè)柜子了。但是，當(dāng)一個(gè)小白問(wèn)你什么是無(wú)人機(jī)的時(shí)候，也許你還是會(huì)遲疑一會(huì)兒……
我們經(jīng)常在新聞里或者文章中看到無(wú)人汽車也被稱為無(wú)人機(jī)，水下潛航器也被稱為無(wú)人機(jī)，好像現(xiàn)在只要是不要人來(lái)操縱或者靠人遙控操縱的機(jī)械都能叫無(wú)人機(jī)。所以有一些小伙伴經(jīng)常來(lái)問(wèn)這個(gè)看似很無(wú)聊卻又難以回答的問(wèn)題——那些水里游的、地上跑的“無(wú)人機(jī)”和我們?cè)谔焐巷w的“無(wú)人機(jī)”是一樣的嗎？我們應(yīng)該怎樣稱呼我們飛手手中的“無(wú)人機(jī)”以至于和其他“無(wú)人機(jī)”區(qū)別開(kāi)呢？
其實(shí)“無(wú)人機(jī)”表達(dá)模糊其實(shí)是吃了中文的“虧”！所以要想搞清楚這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我們還是應(yīng)該從它的英文名稱來(lái)探討！為什么要從英文名稱中探討，因?yàn)?ldquo;無(wú)人機(jī)”最先出現(xiàn)在英國(guó)，所以他們的命名最具有“權(quán)威性”。
眾所周知，關(guān)于“無(wú)人機(jī)”的英文名大概有4個(gè)，分別是①UnmannedAerialVehicle，②UnmannedAircraftSystem，③RemotelyPilotedAircraft，④Drone。現(xiàn)在就讓英語(yǔ)水平很LOW的小編一個(gè)個(gè)來(lái)說(shuō)。
①UnmannedAerialVehicle
Unmanned的意思是“無(wú)人機(jī)操縱的”，Aerial的意思是“空中的”，這兩個(gè)詞都是限定詞（相當(dāng)于劃定一個(gè)范圍）修飾“Vehicle”的，而“Vehicle”便是整個(gè)名詞詞組的核心。
說(shuō)道這個(gè)“Vehicle”，它的意思有很多。它可以表示汽車，媒介物，舟車，飛船等等事物，而當(dāng)它作為動(dòng)詞時(shí)還可以表示運(yùn)輸。所以很明顯，這個(gè)詞是強(qiáng)調(diào)平臺(tái)載荷能力的。不管汽車也好，船也好，還是“無(wú)人機(jī)”也好，他們都具備一定的載荷能力，這是否具備載荷能力也是區(qū)分“無(wú)人機(jī)”和“航模”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。
著名航空科學(xué)家張聚恩先生在《無(wú)人機(jī)和航空模型的異同》中寫(xiě)到：“無(wú)人機(jī)的英文名UnmannedAerialVehicle，即“無(wú)人飛行載具”，可以理解為搭載載荷的平臺(tái)與載荷的組合體。如偵察型無(wú)人機(jī)就是在具有一定飛行能力的平臺(tái)上安裝偵察設(shè)備和傳輸設(shè)備來(lái)完成任務(wù)……”
所以說(shuō)，能夠在空中飛行的具有載荷能力的平臺(tái)才能稱得上真正的“無(wú)人機(jī)”，反之“無(wú)人機(jī)”也能被稱之為“無(wú)人飛行載體（具）”或者“無(wú)人飛行平臺(tái)”。
②UnmannedAircraftSystem
Unmanned在上文中介紹了，而Aircraft的意思是通常被人認(rèn)為是“飛機(jī)”的意思，可這是不準(zhǔn)確的。Aircraft的真正意思是“machinecapableofflight”即“航空器”，更準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)應(yīng)該是“航空機(jī)械”。為什么這么說(shuō)呢，主要是要將那些不是器械性的航空器如氣球排除在外。
而最后一個(gè)詞是System——系統(tǒng)。所以說(shuō)這個(gè)詞是從整個(gè)無(wú)人航空器的系統(tǒng)層面上的定義。根據(jù)中國(guó)AOPA發(fā)布的相關(guān)規(guī)定文件，我們可以知道，無(wú)人機(jī)航空器系統(tǒng)包括“無(wú)人機(jī)”、相關(guān)的控制站、所需的指令與控制數(shù)據(jù)鏈路以及批準(zhǔn)的型號(hào)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)定的任何其他部件組成的系統(tǒng)。
所以從上面這個(gè)定義的解釋來(lái)看，UnmannedAircraftSystem包含了無(wú)人機(jī)運(yùn)行過(guò)程中的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，也包含了整個(gè)軟硬件的組成。所以這時(shí)的“無(wú)人機(jī)”可以被稱之為“無(wú)人駕駛航空器系統(tǒng)”。這個(gè)詞匯整個(gè)的風(fēng)格跟前兩個(gè)詞有著較大的區(qū)別，主要是它沒(méi)有保留Unmanned這個(gè)單詞。
Remotely也通常被替換成Remote，前者是副詞，后者是形容詞，但是不管是副詞還是形容詞，它們都是限定詞，起劃分范圍的作用，Remotely的含義為“遙控地”——即保持一定距離的接觸。
而Piloted的意思是“駕駛”，而且特指駕駛的物體為航空器或者船。它與駕駛汽車的“drive”有著明顯的差別。
而Aircraft的意思上文介紹了。它表達(dá)的是航空器，那么在這種表述下，它其實(shí)是強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人怎么操縱“無(wú)人機(jī)”——即操縱無(wú)人機(jī)的方法。這時(shí)候的“無(wú)人機(jī)”就可以稱之為“遙控駕駛航空器”。
④Drone
這個(gè)單詞應(yīng)該是無(wú)人機(jī)飛手們最熟悉的英文單詞。它本意其實(shí)是“雄峰”，但后來(lái)也被用來(lái)表示無(wú)人機(jī)。而且就AOPA云小編的研究來(lái)說(shuō)，我們現(xiàn)在的“無(wú)人機(jī)”的正確翻譯應(yīng)該就是“Drone”。
在文章開(kāi)頭我們就說(shuō)了現(xiàn)在無(wú)人潛航器、無(wú)人汽車都被稱為了“無(wú)人機(jī)”，而英語(yǔ)單詞“Drone”也可以被用來(lái)表示這些無(wú)人潛航器……
比如近段時(shí)間中國(guó)在南海“沒(méi)收”美國(guó)潛航器的事件中，這款無(wú)人潛航器就被稱之為“Drone”。
所以中文的“無(wú)人機(jī)”和英語(yǔ)中的“Drone”是保持著高度一致的。而且這個(gè)單詞也是非常口語(yǔ)化的，美國(guó)人民非常喜歡用它來(lái)稱呼無(wú)人機(jī)。但是Drone并不限定于“航空”這個(gè)概念內(nèi)，他們只強(qiáng)調(diào)“無(wú)人”。在消費(fèi)級(jí)無(wú)人機(jī)剛剛出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，有人甚至把“無(wú)人機(jī)”稱之為“小蜜蜂”，這就是一種直譯的結(jié)果。不過(guò)AOPA云小編還是挺喜歡“小蜜蜂”這個(gè)名稱的。
好了，四個(gè)英文名稱我們都介紹完了，你明白了嗎？不過(guò)現(xiàn)在也有一個(gè)很苦惱的問(wèn)題。這件問(wèn)題首先要從國(guó)內(nèi)的某款載人無(wú)人機(jī)說(shuō)起。
雖然說(shuō)無(wú)人機(jī)是具有載荷功能的，但是并沒(méi)有載人的例子。當(dāng)無(wú)人機(jī)可以載人的時(shí)候說(shuō)它是無(wú)人機(jī)總感覺(jué)有些別扭。但如果將人看成“物體”——也就是把人看成和無(wú)人機(jī)其他的任務(wù)設(shè)備如攝像頭一樣的話——這時(shí)無(wú)人機(jī)的操縱者并不在航空器上操縱器械，操縱者還是在地上“遙控”無(wú)人機(jī)，這整個(gè)過(guò)程也符合我們上文介紹的情況，所以從這個(gè)方面來(lái)解釋，這款載人無(wú)人機(jī)也是無(wú)人機(jī)的說(shuō)法也似乎“合情合理”！但是這樣子又會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。因?yàn)槟壳笆澜缟嫌行﹪?guó)家正在研發(fā)無(wú)人駕駛客機(jī)，這就不僅僅是一個(gè)人的載荷了，但是這難道也能算作“無(wú)人機(jī)”？恐怕沒(méi)有那么簡(jiǎn)單吧！你覺(jué)得呢？
Maybe you've been playing drones for years, and maybe your drones have been filled with a cabinet. But when a little white asks you what a drone is, you might hesitate for a moment......
We often see in the news or the unmanned vehicle is also known as the UAV is submerged under water, also known as the UAV, it seems as long as it is now not to manipulate or control on the remote control machinery can make uav. So some of our little friends often ask this seemingly boring but difficult question - are those underwater, ground running drones exactly the same as our "unmanned aerial vehicle" flying in the sky? How should we call the drones in our hands, so that we can distinguish them from other drones?
In fact, the "unmanned aerial vehicle" expression is in fact the Chinese "loss"! So if we want to figure out this problem, we should discuss it from its English name! Why is it discussed from the English name, because "unmanned aerial vehicle" first appeared in the UK, so their naming is most authoritative".
As we all know, there are about 4 English names about "unmanned aerial vehicle", namely, UnmannedAerialVehicle, UnmannedAircraftSystem, RemotelyPilotedAircraft, and Drone. Now let the English level is very small LOW one by one.
UnmannedAerialVehicle
Unmanned means "drone manipulation", "Aerial" means "air", and these two words are qualifiers (equivalent to delimit a range) to modify "Vehicle", and "Vehicle" is the core of the whole NOUN phrase.
Say this "Vehicle", it means a lot. It can be said that the car, vehicle, vessel, ship and so on things, and when it is used as a verb can also express transportation. So, obviously, the term emphasizes platform load capacity. Whether cars, ships, or drones, they have the ability to load, and whether or not they have the ability to load is also one of the criteria to distinguish between UAVs and model aircraft.
The famous aviation scientist Mr. Zhang Juen wrote in the "similarities and differences between UAV and aviation model" wrote: "unmanned aerial vehicle English name UnmannedAerialVehicle, that is," unmanned flight vehicle ", can be understood as a combination of loading platform and load. Such as reconnaissance UAV is equipped with reconnaissance equipment and transmission equipment on a platform with a certain flight ability to complete the task......"
Therefore, the platform with the ability to load in the air can be called the "unmanned aerial vehicle", and "unmanned aerial vehicle" can also be called "unmanned flight vehicle" or "unmanned flight platform"".
UnmannedAircraftSystem
Unmanned introduced in the above, and Aircraft means "usually" is considered "aircraft" meaning, but this is not accurate. The real meaning of Aircraft is "machinecapableofflight", that is, "aircraft", more accurately, it should be "aviation machinery"". Why do you say that the main thing is to exclude those aircraft that are not instrumental, such as balloons?.
And the last word is System - the system. So the word is defined on the system level of the entire unmanned aerial vehicle. According to the relevant documents issued by China AOPA, we can know that UAV system includes UAV, related control stations, required instruction and control data link, and any other components approved by the model design.
So, from the definition above, UnmannedAircraftSystem contains every link of the UAV operation process, and also contains the whole software and hardware components. So the "unmanned aerial vehicle" can be called "unmanned aerial vehicle system"". The whole style of the word has a big difference between the last two words, mainly because it doesn't keep the word "Unmanned".
Remotely is usually replaced by Remote. The former is an adverb, and the latter is an adjective. However, whether it is an adverb or an adjective, they are all finite words, which play a role in dividing the scope. Remotely means "remote control" -- that is, keeping a certain distance of contact.
And Piloted means "driving", and specifically refers to the driving object for the aircraft or ship. It has a distinct difference from the "drive" of driving a car.
And the meaning of Aircraft is introduced above. It expresses the aircraft, then in this statement, it actually emphasizes the people how to operate the "unmanned aerial vehicle" - that is, unmanned aerial vehicle manipulation method. At this time the "unmanned aerial vehicle" can be called "remote control aircraft"".
Drone
This word should be the most familiar English word of unmanned hand. It meant "drones", but has also been applied to uav. And the AOPA cloud Xiaobian research, we now "UAV" correct translation should be "Drone"".
At the beginning we say now unmanned underwater vehicles, unmanned vehicles are referred to "drone", and the English word "Drone" can also be used to represent these unmanned underwater vehicles......
For example, recently in the South China Sea China "confiscated" America R.O.V. incident, the unmanned underwater vehicles are referred to as Drone".
So the Chinese "drone" and the English word "Drone" are highly consistent. And the word is very colloquial, and the American people are very fond of using it as a drone. But Drone is not limited to the concept of "aviation", and they only emphasize "nobody"". At the time of the emergence of the consumer drones, some even call drones as "little bees", which is the result of literal translation. However, AOPA cloud Xiaobian still like the name of "little bee".
All right, four English names are all over here. Do you understand? But now there is a very distressing problem. This problem begins with a domestic unmanned aerial vehicle.
Although the UAV has a load function, there is no human example. When unmanned aircraft can be manned, it is unmanned aircraft, always feel a bit awkward. But if the people as "object", also is the people as the UAV mission equipment and other such as camera like when the UAV operator is not in the aircraft handling equipment, the operator on the ground or "remote control" UAV, this whole process also conform to our above situation so from this aspect to explain, this is also the manned UAV UAV that seems perfectly logical and reasonable"! But it's going to be a problem again. Because some countries in the world are developing unmanned aircraft, which is not just a person's load, but this can also be counted as "unmanned aerial vehicle"? I'm afraid it's not that simple! What's your opinion?
