1. Engineered safety features (ESFs) are installed in the nuclear power plant to mitigate the consequences in the accidents.
1. 核電站內設置專設安全設施，以減輕事故的后果。
2. The ESFs include such systems as emergency core cooling system, containment heat removal system (e.g., containment spray system), containment combustible gas control system, auxiliary feedwater system, component cooling water system and emergency power system.
2. 專設安全設施包括：應急堆芯冷卻系統，安全殼熱量導出系統（如安全殼噴淋系統），安全殼可燃氣體控制系統，輔助給水系統，設備冷卻水系統和應急電源。
3. The emergency core cooling system (ECCS) is designed to cool the reactor core and provide additional shutdown capability following loss of coolant accident (LOCA), steam generator tube rupture, or main steam line break.
3. ECCS應急堆芯冷卻系統用于在發生LOCA（冷卻劑失水事故），SGTR（蒸發器傳熱管破裂事故），MSLB（主蒸汽管道破裂事故）情況下冷卻堆芯和提供額外的停堆能力。
4. The ECCS is divided into several subsystems consisting of both passive systems and active systems.
4. ECCS分為幾個能動動和非能動的子系統。
5. The passive systems consist of large volume tanks (accumulators) which are filled with borated water and pressurized with nitrogen gas.
5. 非能動的系統由大容積的水箱（安注箱）組成，箱內裝有硼水，上部由帶壓的氮氣覆蓋。
6. The active systems consist of several pumping systems of varying discharge pressure and flow rates, e.g., high head injection system, low head injection system.
6. 能動系統由不同注入壓力和流量的泵系統組成，如高壓安注系統，低壓安注系統。
7. In order to meet the single failure criterion, it is necessary that each active component be duplicated.
7. 為滿足單一故障準則，能動設備必須冗余。
8. All active components are actuated by an engineered safety system actuation signal (also known as safety injection signal).
8. 所有能動設備均能被專設安全信號（也稱為安注信號）觸發啟動。
9. All active systems use the refueling water storage tank as a source of water following the loss of coolant accident.
9. 在LOCA事故時，所有能動系統都將換料水箱作為水源。
10. The operation of the emergency core cooling system following a loss of coolant accident can be divided into three modes: injection mode, cold leg recirculation and hot leg recirculation.
10. LOCA工況下ECCS的運行可分為三種模式：安注，冷段再循環，熱段再循環。
11. Cold leg recirculation mode will provide long term cooling for the core and hot leg recirculation mode will be used alternately provide reverse flow to the core.
11. 冷段再循環給堆芯提供長期的冷卻，熱段再循環用于交替地給堆芯提供反向流。
12.The emergency core cooling system must meet the acceptance criteria, e.g., peak cladding temperature remains less than 1204℃.
12. ECCS必須滿足安全準則，如峰值包殼溫度小于1204℃。
