Ⅰ. The purposes of operational training
-、操作訓練目的
through operational training students can master the operations of stand-by main engine, blowing cylinder, trying main engine and master how to operate and manage propulsion unit at the maneuver and after the speed being constant, students should be also familiar with operational and managing attentive items very well.
通過操作訓練，使學員熟練掌握船舶推進裝置備車、沖車及試車的各項操作，并掌握機動 及定速后的操作與管理,熟知操作及管理中的注意事項。
II. The operational contents
二、操作內容
(1) Relevant system’s preparations while ship’s propulsion unit being stand-by and the operations of blowing, trying main engine ；(1) 船舶推進裝置備車時各系統的準備及沖、試車操作；(2) The maneuver operations for ship’s propulsion unit;(2) 船舶推進裝置機動時的操作；
(3) The operations of changing fuel oil and the management after main engine * s speed being constant ；(3) 船舶推進裝置換油操作及定速后管理；
(4) The operations of “FINISH WITH ENGINE”.
(4) 船舶推進裝置完車操作。
?、? Training equipment
三、訓練設備
Ship’ s propulsion unit-one set, including main engine, relevant system serving to propulsion unit, reducing gear case and its service system, hydraulic dynamometer and its service system.
自動化機艙主推進裝置ー套，包括主機及其各配套服務系統、傳動齒輪箱及其配套系統、 水力測功器及其配套系統。
IV. Equipment and its technical parameter四、主要設備及其技術參數
1. Main engine
1.主機
Type：6PSHTdM-26H
型號:6PSHTdM-26H
Cyl. number * cyl. diameter * stroke ： 6×260 mm×320 mm缸數×缸徑×行程:6×260 mm×320 mm
Rating power * rating revolution ： 662 kW×720 r/min額定功率×額定轉速：662 kW×720 r/min
Average effective pressure： 1.104 MPa
平均有效壓力：1.104 MPa
Maximum explosive pressure：9. 5 MPa
最大爆發壓力:9.5 MPa
Fuel oil consumed ratio：211 g/(kW ? h)
燃油消耗率:211 g/(kW ? h)
Lube oil consumed ratio： 1.36 g/(kW ? h)滑油消耗率:1.36 g/(kW ? h)
Minimum stable speed：300 r/min
最低穩定轉速:300 r/min
Type of turbocharger： ABB VTR-250
廢氣渦輪增壓器:ABB VTR-250
Pneumatic-hydraulic governor：RHD-6
氣動液壓調速器:RHD-6
2. Type of reducing gear(GWC 30/32-01)
2.減速齒輪箱（GWC 30/3241)
Speed ratio：2: 1
速比:2:1
Input power：750 kW
輸入功率:750 kW
Input revolution：720 r/min
輸入轉速:720 r/min
Elastic shaft coupling：YULASTIC-LC4010
彈性聯軸器:YULASTIC-LC4010
3. Type of hydraulic dynamometer( Y2000)
3.水力測功器（Y2000型）
Maximum receiving power： 1200 kW
最大吸收功率:1200 kW
Permissive maximum revolution: 10,00 r/min允許最高轉速:1000 r/min
V. Practical operational process
五、實操過程
1. Relevant system’s preparations while stand-by engine and the operations of blowing, trying main engine1.船舶推進裝置備車時各系統的準備及沖、試車操作1) Stand-by engine before sailing
1)船舶推進裝置航前備車
The person being on duty in engine department receives the order “STAND/BY ENGINE”, he should inform c/e, duty engineer and relevant persons to complete the preparations immediately, the above order should be ensured by duty engineer, then telegraph, ship clock and steering gear must be tested with bridge, the following operations may be prepared. ( The aim of stand-by engine is to ensure main engine rotation’s flexibility, serving system should supply adequate oil, water, air, steam and electricity to main engine, the controlling system must be in normal, the thermal parameters should be in normal range.)輪機部值班人員接到駕駛臺“備車”指令后，應立即通知輪機長、值班輪機員和有關人員進人機艙進行備車工作，由值班輪機員回車令備車并著手對車鐘、對時鐘和對舵工作，隨后進行以下各項準備工作。（備車的主要目的是確保主機運轉靈活，動カ系統保證油、水、氣、汽、電供給充足,控制系統工作正常，熱工參數值處于正常工作范圍）(1) The operations of compressed air system while stand-by engine (The diagram of compressed air system is shown in Appendix 1 fig. 4)(1) 壓縮空氣系統的備車操作(壓縮空氣系統圖見附錄ー圖4)① Compressed air should be sure to supply adequately: during on duty, compressed air bottle must be kept adequate (1.5 ~3.0 MPa). While stand-by engine, air compressor should be put into use in automatic mode or in manual mode to supply compressed air to air bottle up to enacting value (2. 5 MPa), the working conditions of compressor must be monitored.
?、?保證壓縮空氣供給充足：值班期間，應經常保持空氣瓶壓力（1.5 ~3.0 MPa)充足。備 車時，應按操作規程使空壓機自動控制系統投人工作或手動起動空壓機,給主空氣瓶充氣達到 設定值(2. 5 MPa左右），并經常監視空壓機的工作狀態。
?、?Air resource should be kept clean ： open main compressed air bottle’s waste cock to discharge sludge and wasting-water.
② 保證氣源潔凈：打開主空氣瓶放殘閥，直至確信空氣瓶中無殘油、殘水。
③ The controlling air system should be kept in good condition and supply clean and qualified air to controlling system (0.7 MPa).
③ 保證控制空氣系統工作正常并供給潔凈合格的控制空氣（0.7 MPa)。（應經常檢查氣 源凈化裝置的工作狀況）④ Supplying starting compressed air: open bottle’s outlet valve，middle stop-valve and main starting valve.
?、?供給起動空氣：打開空氣瓶出口閥、中間截止閥和主起動閥。
(2) The operations of F. W. cooling system while stand-by engine. (The diagram of cooling water system is shown in Appendix 1 fig. 2)(2) 淡水冷卻系統的備車操作（冷卻水系統圖見附錄ー圖2)① Main engine’s warming and it’s changing: ship’s propulsion unit often uses generator engine’s cooling water to warm up during stopping, while stand-by engine, relevant valve and warming valve must be closed to keep main engine in working condition.
?、?柴油主機的暖機與切換操作：船舶推進裝置通常在停航期間利用副機冷卻水進行暖缸工作，備車時應關閉暖缸閥并使其他相關閥門處于正常工作位置。
② Inspect water level of expansive tank, if necessary, add water to the tank.
?、?檢查膨脹水柜水位,必要時補水。
?、?Start F. W. circulating pump and ensure its running is normal.
?、?起動淡水循環泵并確認其運轉正常。
④ Correctly clear off the air which exists in each part of cooling water’s system, keep the pressure in system in normal range.
④ 正確進行冷卻水系統各部位的驅氣操作，確保冷卻水壓カ處于正常工作范圍。
(3) The operations of lube oil system while stand-by engine (The diagram of lube oil system is shown in Appendix 1 fig. 1)(3) 滑油系統的備車操作（滑油系統圖見附錄ー圖1)① Oil level’s inspection and adding: inspect the following oil level ： main engine lube oil circulating tank, rocker oil tank, governor, turbocharger, driving gear case (intermediate bearing, stem shaft bearing’s high/low oil tank, cam shaft and stem seal) , if necessary, add lube oil to tank.
① 油位的檢查和補充：檢查主機滑油循環柜、搖臂油柜、調速器、增壓器、傳動齒輪箱以及 軸系中間軸承、艉軸承高低油拒、凸輪軸、艉軸封等裝置的油位,必要時進行補充。
② Lube oil being circulated and heated: after inspecting main lube oil pump and all valves in the system being in correct position, start main lube oil pump, then examine and adjust the pressure of lube oil to normal value (0.4 MPa above); if oil temperature is too low, please start the transferring pump of lube oil purifier and electric heater to circulate and heat the lube oil in the circulating tank. If stop is very long, pre-lube oil pump of reducing gear case must be start to pre-lubricate.
?、?循環潤滑或加熱：檢查確認主機滑油泵狀態正常，滑油系統各閥件處于工作位置后起動主機滑油泵，檢查并調整油壓(0.4 MPa以上）正常；如油溫太低,還可起動滑油分油機輸油泵 及電加熱器，循環加熱循環柜滑油;若停航時間較長，應起動齒輪箱預潤滑油泵，進行預潤滑。
?、?Adding oil manually: in general before start main engine，please add cylinder oil to cylinder manually; if engine stop is very long, before start, rocker must be added manually; rod bearing must be added grease.
③ 手動注油：通常主機起動前，應人工加注氣缸油；如停機時間較長，起動前,搖臂應人工 注油，水力測功器滾珠軸承應加注牛油。
(4) The operations of fuel oil system while stand-by engine (The diagram of fuel oil system is shown in Appendix 1 fig. 3)(4) 燃油系統的備車操作（燃油系統圖見附錄ー圖3)① Inspect fuel oil level: inspect the oil level of gas, heavy oil’s service tank and oil settling tank, if necessary, add fuel oil to service tank through fuel oil purifier and add fuel oil to settling tank through transferring pump；① 檢查油位：檢查輕油及重油日用柜和沉淀油柜油位,必要時分油人日用柜并給沉淀柜補油；② Inspect valves：inspect and ensure each valve is in normal position；② 檢查閥門：檢查并確認系統各閥件處于正常位置；③ Inspect and start fuel oil circulating pump (or oil booster) to supply oil to system, fuel oil system should be clear off air and discharged waste ；③ 檢查并起動燃油循環泵(或增壓泵）：系統驅氣、放殘；④ Heat: heat correctly according to fuel oil quality.
④ 加熱：根據使用油品適度加熱。
(5) The operations of injector’s system while stand-by engine(5) 噴油器冷卻系統的備車操作
In this unit, diesel oil is used to cool, cooling circulating pump is driven by main engine, while stand-by engine, inspect to ensure all valves in the system are in correct position, oil tank level must be inspected, if necessary, add diesel oil to the tank.
噴油器采用燃油進行冷卻，冷卻循環油泵由主機驅動，備車時應檢查確認該冷卻系統的各 閥件處于正常工作位置，檢查油柜的油位,必要時進行補充。
(6) The operations of sea water cooling system while stand-by engine(6) 海水冷卻系統的備車操作
This unite has high and low temperature sea water cooling system, each system has different cooling object, two system can be substituted each other. High-temperature sea water cooling system uses to cool M/E cylinder-cooler, low-temperature sea water cooling system uses to cool the following devices： atmospheric condenser, the cooler of two sets air compressor, the cooler of reducing gear case, auxiliary engine’s cooler and air cooler. Low-temperature sea water cooling system also supplies working water to hydraulic dynamometer. The diagram of sea water system is shown in Appendix 1 fig. 2, while stand-by engine, please inspect the flexibility of sea water pump and all valves correctly open, power on frequency-conversion to prepare the controllable frequency of high sea water pump.
本裝置設有高溫海水冷卻系統和低溫海水冷卻系統，每個冷卻系統的冷卻對象不同。其 中，高溫海水冷卻系統用于主機缸套水的冷卻，低溫海水冷卻系統用于冷卻以下設備:大氣冷 凝器、兩臺主空壓機冷卻器、減速齒輪箱冷卻器、空氣冷卻器、副機冷卻器。低溫海水冷卻系統 也提供水力測功器的工作水，應急情況下兩個系統又可互為備用。海水冷卻系統原理見附錄ー圖2,備車時應檢查確認海水泵運轉靈活，各閥件開啟正常，接通變頻器電源,為適時進行高 溫海水泵的變頻控制做準備。
2) Main engine’s turning, blowing and trying2)柴油主機的盤車、沖車和試車
Before this operation, please inform bridge, after being allowed, this operation can be carried out.
該項操作應通知駕駛臺并征得值班駕駛員的同意后方可進行。
① The preparations: inspect and ensure that no blocks exist in shaft of engine, inspect and ensure all adding points where need to add have been added; ensure all indicative cocks have been opened.
?、?準備工作：檢查并確認缸蓋、軸系等無阻礙轉車的情況，檢查并確認應注油處均已注油 (人工加注氣缸油），確認示功閥已開啟。
?、?Turning engine: pick up turning gear to rotate several rounds, inspect and ensure all are in normal conditions, and then disconnect the turning gear.
?、?盤車：搭上盤車機轉車數圈，檢查有無異常（異響或異常阻力等），確認正常后，脫開盤車機。
③ Blowing engine: unscrew the protective cap in the start controlling valve, then push the rod in the start controlling valve manually to blow engine, inspect indicative cocks to ensure no waste oil and water is blown out, after ensuring normal, open the indicative cocks.
③ 沖車：旋開起動控制閥上的保護帽，按下起動控制閥頂桿進行沖車，檢查示功閥有無殘 油、水等異物吹出，確認正常后關閉示功閥。
?、?Start and test engine: inspect and ensure all preparations have been finished； inform bridge and then start main engine, let engine run in idle speed; complete direction-changing operation by direction-changing handle, let main engine run in low speed to ensure it runs normally; then the conversion switch of operational position turns to remote position (E. C. R or BRIDGE) , after successively starting and trying engine, please inform bridge that main engine has been ready and it has been in stopping condition of stand-by engine.
?、?起動與試車：檢查并確認各項準備工作已切實做好；通知駕駛臺；起動柴油主機并使其怠速運轉；使用換向手柄進行換向操作試驗;低轉速短時間運轉，確認主機工作正常;將操作部位轉換開關轉至遙控位置(集控室或駕駛臺），起動試車均正常后，通知駕駛臺主機已備妥并 進人備車停車狀態。
2. The maneuvering operations for ship’s propulsion unit2.船舶推進裝置機動操作
Maneuvering operations: operate main engine rapidly according to the orders from bridge, this is the premise to ensure ship’s safe.
機動操作：按照駕駛臺車令迅速準確操縱主機,這是保證船舶安全的首要前提。
(1) Thermal parameter’s monitoring and adjusting： during maneuvering running, the load of engine varies often and quickly, thermal parameters of oil, water, gas, steam and electricity should be kept in normal range. All thermal parameters can be monitored in location through measuring meter or in E. C. R through automatic alarm and monitoring equipment, if parameters are over normal range, the alarm signal must be given out automatically to inform duty engineer to adjust the parameters.
(1) 熱エ參數的監測和調整：機動航行期間，動カ裝置負荷變化幅度大且頻繁，應保證油、水、氣、汽、電等系統的各熱工參數值在正常范圍內。所有熱工參數監測既可在機旁由常規測量儀表監測，也可在集控室由巡回監測與報警裝置自動監測，如某參數值超出工作范圍，則自動給出報警信號，通知值班輪機員進行調整。
(2) The cooling water’s temperature for cylinder liner is controlled and kept stability by adjusting the revolutions of high temperature’s sea water pump automatically through computer and frequency conversion.
(2) 主機缸套冷卻水溫度通過計算機及變頻器自動調節高溫海水泵的轉速來控制溫度恒定。
(3) The pressure of cooling water (fresh-water and sea water) is adjusted through the outlet valve of centrifuging pump.
(3) 冷卻水(淡水、海水)壓カ通過調節離心泵出口閥進行。
(4) The pressure of fuel oil and lube oil is adjusted through pass-by valve or adjustable pressure valve.
(4) 燃油壓力、滑油壓カ通過旁通閥或調壓閥進行調節。
(5) The viscosity of fuel oil (temperature) is automatically controlled by viscosity meter or adjusted by passing steam manually.
(5) 燃油黏度（溫度）由黏度計自動調節，也可由人工旁通蒸氣閥調節。
(6) Lube oil temperature is automatically adjusted by constant-temperature valve or adjusted manually, also adjusted through pass-by sea water.
(6) 滑油溫度由恒溫閥自動調節，也可手動調節，還可用旁通海水量的辦法來調節溫度。
(7) Scavenging temperature is adjusted through controlling cooling water to pass-by air cooler.
(7) 掃氣溫度可通過中冷器冷卻海水旁通閥進行調節。
3. The operations of changing fuel oil and the management after main engine’s speed being constant3.船舶推進裝置換油操作及定速后管理
(1) The operations of changing fuel oil
(1) 換油操作
Almost all main propulsive equipments should make the operations of changing fuel oil before entering harbor or after departure harbor, after departure harbor, the operations of changing fuel oil must be operated according to the following:
大部分主推進裝置在進港前或出港后必須進行輕/重油轉換操作，出港后換油操作步驟 如下：
① Open steam valve adequately to increase the entering temperature of gas oil gradually;① 開大加熱蒸氣閥逐漸提高輕油的進機溫度；② When the entering temperature of gas oil meets to the requirement of changing oil, converse the changing oil valve, then stop gas oil and supply heavy oil;② 待輕油進機溫度滿足換油要求時轉換換油閥，停輕油供重油；③ The equipment of fuel oil viscosity adjusting puts into use;③ 燃油黏度調節裝置啟動運行；
?、?The steam valve which is controlled by manually should be closed, and the viscosity may be automatically controlled by the equipment of fuel oil viscosity adjusting；④ 人工調整的蒸氣閥關閉，由黏度調節裝置進行自動控制；⑤ After ensuring gas/heavy oil have been finished changing, please inform bridge;⑤ 確認輕/重油已轉換妥當后，通知駕駛臺；
⑥ Shut off main start compressed air according to practice.
?、?視情況關閉主起動空氣。
(2) The managements alter main engine’s speed being constant(2) 定速后管理
?、?The basic requirements of the managements after main engine’s speed being constant: keep all serving system in normal condition; provide adequate oil, water, gas, steam and electricity to engine; Each working part is not leak and not abnormal sounds and vibration; all working parameter are in best given value.
①定速后管理的基本要求是：保證動カ裝置各自動控制系統工作正常;保證油、水、氣、汽、電供給充足;各工作系統無泄 漏現象,各運行設備無異常聲響和振動;各工作參數值運行在最佳設定值上。
?、贏t interval, inspect and record each running parameter according to circuit inspectional route, if anything is abnormal, settle them immediately.
?、诙〞r按巡回檢查路線檢查、記錄(機艙值班)各運行參數，發現問題及時處理。
The contents of circuit inspection:
巡回檢查的內容包括：
(a) Liquid level’s inspection: the level of expansive tank, fuel oil service (settling tank), lube oil circulating tank, rocker case, governor, turbocharger, reducing gear case and water pool must be inspected.
(a) 液位的檢查：膨脹水柜水位、燃油日用柜(沉淀拒）油位、滑油循環柜油位、搖臂油箱油位、調速器油位、增壓器油位、傳動齒輪箱油位、水池水位。
(b) Pressure inspections：the pressure of main engine lube oil, rocker lube oil, reducing gear case lube on and working oil, main engine cooling water, high temperature sea water, low temperature sea water, fuel oil injector cooling oil, scavenging air, fuel oil inlet, controlling air, dynamometer’s water and air bottle should be inspected.
(b) 壓カ的檢查：主機滑油壓力、搖臂潤滑油壓力、傳動齒輪箱潤滑油壓カ和工作油壓力、主機缸套冷卻水壓力、高溫海水圧力、低溫海水壓力、噴油器冷卻油壓力、增壓空氣（掃氣空氣）壓力、燃油進機壓力、控制空氣壓力、水力測功器水壓力、空氣瓶壓力。
(c) Temperature inspection: the temperature of main engine lube oil measuring points, freshwater cooling measuring points, oil injector cooling measuring points, scavenging air, exhaust gas, fuel oil system measuring points, lube oil of turbocharger, governor, reducing gear case lube oil and dynamometer.
(c) 溫度的檢查：主機滑油各測點溫度、冷卻淡水各測點溫度、噴油器冷卻油各測點溫度、增壓空氣溫度、各缸排氣溫度、燃油系統各測點溫度、增壓器滑油溫度、調速器潤滑油溫度、傳動齒輪箱潤滑油溫度、水力測功器水溫度。
(d) Speed inspection: main engine’s speed and turbocharger’s speed.
(d) 轉速的檢查：主機轉速、增壓器轉速。
(e) Inspect whether there is not abnormal sound, smell, vibration and leakage or not.
(e) 檢查設備有無異常響聲、氣味、振動、泄漏等。
(f) Inspect all waste valves, the place where needs to add lube oil manually should be added.
(f) 各處放殘檢查，需要人工注油處注油潤滑。
4. The operations of “FINISH WITH ENGINE” for ship’s propulsion unit4.船舶推進裝置完車操作
(1) The operations before “FINISH WITH ENGINE”
(1) 完車前的操作
?、?After receiving the notice of “CHANGING OIL/STAND BY” , fuel oil temperature must be decreased gradually, when the temperature meets to requirement, change heavy/gas conversion valve until all fuel oil has been replaced by gas oil, then report to bridge. Generally the time of changing oil is one hour.
① 接駕駛臺“換油、備車”通知后，逐漸降低燃油進機溫度，待達到要求的溫度時，轉換重/ 輕油轉換閥，直到認定輕油已完全替換重油時，告知駕駛臺。通常換油時間為1 h。
② Operate main engine according to bridge’s order, decrease engine’s speed gradually. Run in low speed to decrease engine’s temperature gradually, then stop.
?、?按駕駛臺車令操縱主機，逐漸減速，低速運行，降溫,最后停車。
(2) The operations of “FINISH WITH ENGINE”
(2) 完車操作
After receiving the order of u FINISH WITH ENGINEM, the following operational process should be carried out.
接駕駛臺“完車、完舵”通知后，進行如下操作：
?、?If main engine is controlled by bridge remote control mode, at this time the operational position should be turned to E. C. R or location.
?、?如果是駕駛臺遙控，此時應把操車位置轉到集控室或機旁；② Open the indicative cocks ( add cylinder oil to cylinder while turning engine, then blow cylinder).
?、?開啟示功閥（沖車，注氣缸油同時轉車）；③ Close main stop valve in air system and air bottle’s outlet valve.
?、?關閉空氣系統主停氣閥及氣瓶出口閥；
④ Shut off operational controlling air and release the pressure.
?、?關閉操縱控制空氣，并放氣；
?、?Stop fuel oil booster ( or circulating pump) and viscosity controlling equipment, close relevant valve.
?、?停燃油增壓泵（或循環泵）及黏度控制裝置,關閉有關閥門；⑥ Open air scavenge case and discharging-waster valve of turbocharger.
?、?打開掃氣箱、增壓器放殘閥；
⑦ Let main engine F. W. pump continue to run about 30 minutes, then stop. Open the cooling water of auxiliary engine to warm up main engine.
⑦ 讓主機淡水泵繼續運行約30 min后停止，并轉發電柴油機冷卻水進主機暖機；⑧ Main lube oil pump may be stopped or continue to work about 30 minutes or keep running according to the condition of fact.
?、?主滑油泵視情況或運轉30 min后停止，或保持運轉。
After the above operations are sure to be correct, then on-duty of berth is beginning.
上述操作檢查確認無誤后進人停航值班。
VI. The operational and managing attentive items六、操作及管理時的注意事項
(1) Before starting main engine, cooling water system, fuel oil system, lube oil system and starting air system should be inspected to ensure all of system in good condition.
(1)主柴油機起動前應分別對冷卻水系統、燃油系統、滑油系統以及起動壓縮系統進行檢查，以確保各系統處于正常可用狀態。
^2) After starting, the parameters of oil, water, air, steam and electric system must keep in normal range, inspect each connect to ensure not leak, listen attentively to ensure whether there is not abnormal sound from main engine.
(2 )起動后，應保證油、水、氣、汽、電等系統各熱工參數值在正常范圍內，檢查各管路連接 處有無泄漏，傾聽柴油機有無異常聲響，保證柴油機無振動現象。
(3 ) While changing oil operation, oil temperature sudden change should be avoid, during constant-speed voyage, circuit inspection should be enhanced, each parameter should be controlled in normal range.
(3 )換油操作時應避免油溫突變，定速航行時應加強巡回檢查，將各熱工參數控制在正常范圍之內。
Ⅶ Training requirements
七、訓練要求
Students should be finished each kind of operation which is required in the operational contents independently, and master all attentive items of the equipment’s operations.
在教師的指導下，學員應獨立完成操作內容中規定的各項訓練要求,并完全掌握操作時的 各種注意事項。
?、?Reasoning subjects
八、思考題
(1) Combination with practical devices, please analyze the reasons that main lube oil pump and fresh-water pump needs to continue running for some time after finishing with engine.
(1) 結合實際設備，試分析主機完車以后，滑油泵及主淡水泵須繼續運行一段時間的 原因。
(2) Combination with practical devices, please analyze the aims of the following operations：
(2) 結合實際設備，試分析下列操作的主要目的：
① M/E needs to be turned 1 -2 r/min by turning gear before stand-by engine, analyze its aims ；① 主機備車前,須合上盤車機盤車1 ~2轉的目的；② M/E needs to be turned 1-2 r/min by turning gear after finishing with engine, analyze its aims；② 主機完車后，須合上盤車機盤車的目的；
?、?Analyze the reasons that a great deal white liquid with bubble blows from indicative cock when operating turning gear.
③ 盤車時，從示功閥處吹出大量白色泡沫狀液體的可能原因。
?、?The practical report
九、訓練實習報告
The requirement and format of practical report is compiled in another mode.
實習報告的要求和格式另行成冊。
